What Does It Mean to Be Neurodivergent?

October 20, 2023
8:00 am

“There are billions of us — humans everywhere, with access to our own minds and no one else’s, tossing one another songs and sentences to bridge the gap.” – Annie Kotowicz, Author.

The word neurodiversity symbolises the way society perceives and values differences in brain function and behavioural traits. Coined by autistic sociologist Judy Singer, it encourages us to see neurological differences not as deficits to be corrected but as natural, valuable, and celebrated variations of human diversity.

This concept embraces a spectrum of neurological experiences, including ADHD, autism, and dyslexia, reframing them not as impairments but as unique attributes that enrich human diversity as a whole. This shift in perspective promotes a more inclusive understanding and appreciation of each person’s distinctive neurological makeup, encouraging a society that respects and acknowledges everyone.

The Spectrum of Neurodivergence: Various Manifestations

Neurodivergence is a broad term encompassing many conditions that manifest differently and contribute to the spectrum of human cognitive diversity. The most common examples are ADHD, autism, and dyslexia; however, there are a range of other, less-talked-about conditions that fall under this banner:

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): People experience persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with their daily functioning.
Autism (ASD): A complex condition that impacts social interaction, communication, and behaviour, characterised by repetitive patterns.
Dyscalculia: Difficulties in understanding numbers and mathematical facts.
Dysgraphia: This affects written expression, leading to challenges in handwriting, spelling, and organising thoughts on paper.
Dyslexia: This primarily affects reading, spelling, and writing due to difficulties processing linguistic and symbolic codes.
Dyspraxia, or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): A condition that affects motor coordination, planning, and organisation of physical movements.
Hyperlexia: People with this exhibit early reading ability and a fascination with letters, numbers, and patterns, often before age of five.
Meares-Irlen Syndrome: A perceptual disorder affecting the processing of visual information, not related to an optical issue.
Synesthesia: A sensory condition where stimulation of one sense leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in another sense. The most common example of this is people associating music with colours.
Tourette’s Syndrome: Involves involuntary, repetitive movements or sounds, known as tics, and is often associated with other conditions like anxiety.

The recognition and diagnosis of these conditions can often come later in life, adding another layer of complexity and diversity to the neurodivergent experience. This late identification often brings a mix of challenges and relief, as it helps people understand and contextualise their experiences better; however, it also means they can struggle to understand a world largely designed for neurotypical brains.

It’s important that we realise that neurodiversity is not a weakness, and there is a school of thought we should not be using the diagnostic label of disorder. For instance, some neurodiverse people have enhanced memory, heightened spatial awareness, or specialised focus and creativity in particular areas, which can be great assets. These strengths highlight the potential for success and achievement within neurodivergent populations, encouraging a broader appreciation of cognitive diversity in society.

Neurodivergence and Mental Health: Intersections and Considerations

Neurodivergent people often experience co-occurring mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety. For instance, around 30% of children diagnosed with ADHD also have an anxiety disorder,[1] and dyspraxia has been linked to increased anxiety levels in children as young as 3-4 years old.[2]

Addiction is another area that has been linked to neurodivergence. A study in Sweden showed that people with autism and average or above-average IQs are more than twice as likely to develop addictions to alcohol or other substances compared to their peers, a risk that escalated further in the presence of ADHD.[3]

Genetics also plays a significant role in these overlaps. Certain genes associated with ADHD and consequential dopamine transporter dysfunctions have been linked to various mental health conditions.[4] This genetic influence shows the challenges neurodivergent people often face in managing emotional states or masking their differences, potentially leading to substance use as a coping strategy.

Identifying and Embracing Neurodivergence: Personal Journeys

Recognising one’s neurodivergence is a deeply personal journey, often marked by challenges, self-discovery, and eventual acceptance. For children, the path often begins within the education system. For adults, it may begin with subtle realisations of their differences that move them towards seeking professional guidance and formal diagnoses. Research suggests that for many, a formal diagnosis acts as a validation of their identity, which enhances positive acceptance and psychological well-being.[4]

However, the journey is often complicated by systemic issues such as misdiagnosis and a lack of understanding from healthcare professionals. The diagnostic process, especially for adults, is sometimes hampered by a lack of tailored tools and considerations for adult presentations of neurodivergence, including gender-specific manifestations.[5]

Although controversial, self-identifying as autistic is highlighted as a significant step in helping people understand themselves better.[6] This self-realisation, supported by formal diagnosis processes that truly understand and validate the experiences of neurodivergent people, can lead to improved self-acceptance and well-being, allowing people to embrace their neurodivergence as an integral part of their identity.

Society and Neurodivergence: Roles and Responsibilities

Society plays a significant part in supporting and nurturing neurodivergent people. In areas like education and advocacy, consistent efforts are necessary to promote understanding and inclusivity. Societal attitudes and frameworks directly impact the success and well-being of neurodivergent people, highlighting the importance of a supportive and inclusive environment.[7]

Communities must actively engage in dismantling barriers and misconceptions, ensuring that neurodivergent people have access to opportunities and support mechanisms tailored to their unique needs and potentials. Through collective commitment and action, society can facilitate environments where neurodivergent people are empowered to thrive and share their diverse perspectives and talents, enhancing the richness and adaptability of communal life.

Celebrating Neurodivergence: Success Stories and Positive Trajectories

Success in various fields often features the stories of neurodivergent people, illuminating paths of excellence. Icons like Temple Grandin in animal science, Sir Anthony Hopkins in acting, and Greta Thunberg in climate activism showcase the extraordinary contributions neurodivergent people make.

Initiatives by organisations also highlight neurodiversity as a competitive advantage, creating environments where unique talents flourish. These stories provide practical insights, showing the boundless potential and accomplishments within the neurodivergent community and illustrating what it means to thrive with neurodivergence.[8]

Neurodivergence: Future Trajectories and Advocacy

Neurodiversity shows promising advancements in understanding, support, and inclusivity. Advocacy efforts are shaping a society that not only recognises but also celebrates neurodivergent talents and perspectives. This progressive shift aims to enhance the environments where neurodivergent people learn, work, and connect, facilitating paths to success and well-being.

The evolution of neurodiversity lies in transforming societal structures and attitudes, ensuring that neurodivergent people are valued and supported as integral contributors to community and innovation.

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